1 What is the problem?
Tattoo ink particles are too big for immune cells to remove, so they stay trapped in the dermis for life.
2 The science
Ultra-short pulses shatter the ink into tiny fragments. Macrophages (immune “clean-up” cells) carry them away through the lymphatic system over weeks. Each ink colour absorbs a different wavelength: black absorbs almost all, red needs 532 nm, blue/green need 694–755 nm.
Laser lightQ-switched / picosecond Nd:YAG (1064 & 532 nm)
Absorbed byTattoo ink
CausesPhotoacoustic (shock wave)
3 Key points to remember
- Black ink is the easiest to remove
- Coloured tattoos need multiple wavelengths
- Sessions are spaced out to let the body clear ink
- Amateur tattoos often fade faster than professional ones
4 What happens during treatment
- 01
Ink colours are assessed
- 02
Local anaesthetic or cooling
- 03
Laser pulses cause a white “frosting” on the skin
- 04
Dressing and aftercare
5 Possible risks
Blistering, texture change, pigment change; some inks may darken. Correct settings, skin cooling and experienced hands reduce these risks.
Did you know? The white “frosting” seen during treatment is caused by rapid formation of gas bubbles in the skin.